{"id":19496,"date":"2025-06-30T09:58:24","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T06:58:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.igamingamerika.com\/?p=19496"},"modified":"2025-06-30T09:58:24","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T06:58:24","slug":"brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/","title":{"rendered":"Brazil\u2019s Federal Revenue Collects Billions from Online Betting Following New Legislation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Federal Government reported approximately 3 billion reais in Brazil&#8217;s Betting Revenue from the online betting sector during the first five months of this year, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/receitafederal\/pt-br\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Federal Revenue Service<\/a>&#8216;s announcement on April 26.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From January to May 2025, this figure marks a staggering increase of over 40,000% compared to the same period last year, when collections were just 7 million reais. In May alone, revenues surpassed 810 million reais, representing a remarkable 23,096.8% rise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This surge is primarily attributed to the enforcement of new regulations governing sports betting and online gaming, which took effect on January 1, 2025. The legislation mandates that betting companies obtain a license from the Ministry of Treasury, which costs around R$30 million for a five-year term. Only licensed operators are permitted to continue their activities, including advertising and sponsorship of sports teams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cSince February, we have been collecting under the new taxation system for companies offering fixed-odds bets,\u201d stated Claudemir Malaquias, head of the Federal Revenue\u2019s Tax and Customs Studies Center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The revenue generated from the betting sector is based on a 12% tax rate applied to the gross gaming revenue (GGR), which serves as the basis for calculating the tax obligations of sportsbooks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Looking ahead, the Ministry of Treasury plans to boost revenue from online betting by increasing the rate from 12% to 18% via an alternative Provisional Measure related to the Tax on Financial Transactions (IOF), effective October 1, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Read also: <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.igamingamerika.com\/ontario-igaming-breaks-records-in-may-with-338m-monthly-revenue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ontario iGaming Breaks Records in May with $338M Monthly Revenue<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, reports indicate that members of the Chamber of Deputies have signaled that the provisional measure faces significant obstacles and may require revision before moving forward. This message was conveyed directly to Dario Durigan, the Ministry\u2019s executive secretary, according to Valor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, on April 25, 2025, the federal government faced a setback when a decree to raise the IOF was overturned in Congress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a result, the government must explore alternative strategies to raise or economize R$20.5 billion in order to meet the fiscal target set for the 2025 budget, especially considering that R$31.3 billion in expenses have already been blocked or set aside for contingencies this year. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-white-color\">Brazil&#8217;s Betting Revenue<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Federal Government reported approximately 3 billion reais in Brazil&#8217;s Betting Revenue from the online betting sector during the first five months of this year, according to the Federal Revenue Service&#8216;s announcement on April 26. From January to May 2025, this figure marks a staggering increase of over 40,000% compared to the same period last &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19497,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198,32,22,2],"tags":[207],"class_list":["post-19496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-brazil-gambling-news","category-casino-europe-gambling-news","category-news","category-sports-betting-america-news","tag-gaming-in-brazil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Brazil\u2019s Betting Tax Revenue Surges After January 2025 Regulations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Federal Government reported approximately 3 billion reais in Brazil&#039;s Betting Revenue from the online betting sector during the first five months of this year\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brazil\u2019s Betting Tax Revenue Surges After January 2025 Regulations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Federal Government reported approximately 3 billion reais in Brazil&#039;s Betting Revenue from the online betting sector during the first five months of this year\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iGaming Amerika \u2013 Top Casino, Sports Betting, and Lottery News in America\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-30T06:58:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"826\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"igamingamerika\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"igamingamerika\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"igamingamerika\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5b794c2a5bfbb47e6c6415366067d4f5\"},\"headline\":\"Brazil\u2019s Federal Revenue Collects Billions from Online Betting Following New Legislation\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-30T06:58:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":362,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Gaming in Brazil\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Brazil\",\"Casino\",\"News\",\"Sports Betting\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/\",\"name\":\"Brazil\u2019s Betting Tax Revenue Surges After January 2025 Regulations\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-30T06:58:24+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5b794c2a5bfbb47e6c6415366067d4f5\"},\"description\":\"The Federal Government reported approximately 3 billion reais in Brazil's Betting Revenue from the online betting sector during the first five months of this year\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":826,\"caption\":\"Brazil Joint Committee Approves Retroactive Tax Plan as Gambling Tax Increase Is Removed\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/30\\\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Brazil\u2019s Federal Revenue Collects Billions from Online Betting Following New Legislation\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"iGaming Amerika \u2013 Top Casino, Sports Betting, and Lottery News in America\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5b794c2a5bfbb47e6c6415366067d4f5\",\"name\":\"igamingamerika\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4dc41677e154806d938d76e8ea691842d0b94270147a30b2bde60eb7cfd44cc9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4dc41677e154806d938d76e8ea691842d0b94270147a30b2bde60eb7cfd44cc9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4dc41677e154806d938d76e8ea691842d0b94270147a30b2bde60eb7cfd44cc9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"igamingamerika\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/igamingamerika.com\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/igamingamerika\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Brazil\u2019s Betting Tax Revenue Surges After January 2025 Regulations","description":"The Federal Government reported approximately 3 billion reais in Brazil's Betting Revenue from the online betting sector during the first five months of this year","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Brazil\u2019s Betting Tax Revenue Surges After January 2025 Regulations","og_description":"The Federal Government reported approximately 3 billion reais in Brazil's Betting Revenue from the online betting sector during the first five months of this year","og_url":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/","og_site_name":"iGaming Amerika \u2013 Top Casino, Sports Betting, and Lottery News in America","article_published_time":"2025-06-30T06:58:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":720,"height":826,"url":"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"igamingamerika","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"igamingamerika","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/"},"author":{"name":"igamingamerika","@id":"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5b794c2a5bfbb47e6c6415366067d4f5"},"headline":"Brazil\u2019s Federal Revenue Collects Billions from Online Betting Following New Legislation","datePublished":"2025-06-30T06:58:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/"},"wordCount":362,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg","keywords":["Gaming in Brazil"],"articleSection":["Brazil","Casino","News","Sports Betting"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/","url":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/","name":"Brazil\u2019s Betting Tax Revenue Surges After January 2025 Regulations","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg","datePublished":"2025-06-30T06:58:24+00:00","author":{"@id":"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5b794c2a5bfbb47e6c6415366067d4f5"},"description":"The Federal Government reported approximately 3 billion reais in Brazil's Betting Revenue from the online betting sector during the first five months of this year","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/5a18450b-71a4-4789-80d0-8cfc1e3b1928-e1751266614572.jpg","width":720,"height":826,"caption":"Brazil Joint Committee Approves Retroactive Tax Plan as Gambling Tax Increase Is Removed"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/30\/brazils-federal-revenue-collects-billions-from-online-betting-following-new-legislation\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Brazil\u2019s Federal Revenue Collects Billions from Online Betting Following New Legislation"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/#website","url":"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/","name":"iGaming Amerika \u2013 Top Casino, Sports Betting, and Lottery News in America","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5b794c2a5bfbb47e6c6415366067d4f5","name":"igamingamerika","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4dc41677e154806d938d76e8ea691842d0b94270147a30b2bde60eb7cfd44cc9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4dc41677e154806d938d76e8ea691842d0b94270147a30b2bde60eb7cfd44cc9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4dc41677e154806d938d76e8ea691842d0b94270147a30b2bde60eb7cfd44cc9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"igamingamerika"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/igamingamerika.com"],"url":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/author\/igamingamerika\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19496\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igamingamerika.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}